has shard
Relates a network to a Hiero shard subdivision.
has record
Links a transaction to the resulting record emitted after execution.
has account
Relates an actor to an account under its control.
Consensus finality phase
Phase in which consensus nodes order the transaction and assign a consensus timestamp.
Transaction record
Structured record capturing the result of a processed transaction.
occurs on
Identifies the network context in which a process executes.
source document
Reference link to Hedera or Hiero documentation that supports an ontology element.
has transaction phase
Associates a transaction artefact with the lifecycle phases it traverses.
Hiero service layer
Hiero layer exposing Hedera services (tokens, consensus topics, contracts) to applications.
Hiero layer
Logical component of the Hiero architecture (consensus, execution, or service layer).
Governance decision
Recorded outcome of a governance process, such as an approved vote or mandate.
Mirror dataset
Dataset published by a mirror node exposing consensus records or account state.
issues decision
Connects a governance process to the decision it issues.
produces record
Indicates that a transaction phase emits a transaction record.
Actor
An agent that participates in Hedera or Hiero network operations, such as councils, operators, or wallets.
Network
A distributed environment (e.g., mainnet, testnet, shard) that provides Hedera services.
Staking process
Process that binds accounts to validator nodes and accrues staking rewards.
governs
Relates a governance body to the network scope over which it has authority.
records stake
Indicates the staking event emitted by a staking process.
has participant
Relates a process to the actors that are associated with it.
Transaction
Signed payload submitted to the Hedera network that changes ledger state upon execution.
has layer
Associates a network with one of its Hiero layers.
Artefact
Digital object or state produced or managed by Hedera services (topics, tokens, files, smart contracts).
secured by
Connects an account to the key material that authorises its actions.
Threshold key
Key arrangement requiring a subset of signatures out of a larger list to authorise an action.
Hiero shard
Network partition within Hiero that localises consensus and execution responsibilities.
Governance body
Formal collective responsible for decision-making over network policy or operations.
is layer of
Links a Hiero layer to the network it belongs to.
has mandate
Textual reference to the charter, HIP, or policy that defines a governance body's authority.
precedes phase
Orders transaction phases within the lifecycle.
Process
Coordinated activity that changes network state, such as transaction execution or governance voting.
virtualises service
Relates a Hiero layer to the services it virtualises or hosts.
Validator onboarding process
Governance process that evaluates, approves, and activates validator participants.
is shard of
Indicates which broader network a Hiero shard belongs to.
Account
On-ledger identity storing keys, balances, and staking configuration for participation in Hedera services.
has phase order
Ordinal index used to order transaction lifecycle phases.
operates service
Indicates that an actor is responsible for operating or providing a service.
Transaction submission
Phase where a client signs and submits the transaction to a node.
manages artefact
Links a service to the artefacts whose lifecycle it controls.
Event
Bounded outcome or observation emitted by a process, typically recorded through mirror nodes or logs.
is governed by
Associates a network with the governance body that exercises authority over it.
Account key
Key material that authorises actions for accounts, topics, files, and tokens.
exposed on
Indicates the network or shard through which a service is made available.
Service
A capability offered by the Hedera network such as consensus, token management, or smart contract execution.
Hiero consensus layer
Hiero layer responsible for ordering transactions and coordinating validator sets.
is account of
Links an account back to the actor that owns or controls it.
Transaction phase
Segment of the transaction lifecycle (submission, consensus, execution, export).
Bhash Ontology Working Group
Upper-level classes and properties capturing shared Hedera and Hiero network concepts, including identity, governance, transactions, and data export semantics.
Bhash Core Ontology
Phase 2 expands the scaffold with account, key, staking, transaction lifecycle, and Hiero overlay abstractions reused by downstream service modules.
Validator
Node operator that participates in consensus or execution for Hedera or Hiero networks.
has role
Associates an actor with a functional role it performs.
is published by
Links a dataset back to the mirror node that publishes it.
Consensus node
Validator node participating in Hedera consensus ordering and staking.
participates in
Connects an actor to a process in which it takes part.
Transaction execution phase
Phase performing business logic and state transitions for the ordered transaction.
Vote event
Governance decision capturing the voting record that authorises a change.
submitted by
Identifies the account that paid for or submitted the transaction.
secures account
Indicates which account a key structure protects.
Role
Responsibility or capacity that an actor can perform within the network.
Governance process
Process through which councils or committees evaluate and ratify network decisions.
has account alias
Alias for the account, such as an EVM address or public key representation.
Hiero execution layer
Hiero layer executing ordered transactions and maintaining state commitments.
publishes dataset
Indicates that a mirror node publishes a dataset for consumers.
Node
Operational actor (consensus or mirror) providing network infrastructure.
registered in
Indicates the canonical network where an artefact is recorded.
is operated by
Associates a service with the actor accountable for running it.
Key list
Composite key structure enforcing threshold or multi-signature requirements.
Mirror export phase
Phase where consensus and balance data are exported to mirror nodes for querying.
Public key
Individual Ed25519 or ECDSA key associated with accounts, contracts, and services.
declines staking rewards
Boolean flag indicating the account opts out of receiving staking rewards.
Staking event
Event recording a staking action or reward distribution.
consumes artefact
Associates a service with artefacts it reads or depends upon.
has account ID
String identifier representing the canonical account ID (shard.realm.num).
Concept
Abstract superclass for all Bhash ontology entities.
targets validator
Identifies the validator being evaluated or activated by an onboarding process.
stakes to
Denotes the validator that receives stake from an account.
Mirror node
Data replication node exposing consensus history via REST and gRPC APIs.
produces event
States that a process yields a specific event observation.